Written by Andrew Lenau | ISSA CPT & Sports Nutritionist
Fact checked by Robert Iafelice, MS, RD, LDN
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As we start to get older, our bodies start falling apart. Our bones, joints, and muscles begin to ache. Our digestive and cardiovascular health can deteriorate.
Especially if you're a man over fifty, other than eating a healthy diet, exercising, and getting plenty of sleep, another great way to improve your health is by supplementing a high-quality multivitamin.
They are especially beneficial if a person doesn't eat enough fruits and vegetables throughout the day, which can lead to a mineral and vitamin deficiency. Most basic multivitamins provide almost all the micronutrients a person should get daily.
So while they aren't a substitute for whole foods, multivitamins can help fill nutrient gaps if you find it tough to eat your daily recommended amount of produce.
There are a vast amount of vitamin supplements designed specifically for men over 50 out on the market, so to assist you in your search, we have reviewed and created a list of the nine best options. If you're considering trying a multivitamin, read ahead to discover which ones made our list and will work best for you.
9 Best Multivitamins For Men Over 50
- Overall Best: Ritual Essential For Men Over 50
- Runner-Up: Nature Made Multi For Him 50+
- Best Wholefood: Garden Of Life Vitamin Code
- Best Gummy: SmartPants Men's Formula
- Best Budget: 21st Century Sentry Senior
- Best Absorbability: New Chapter Men's
- Best Organic: Nature's Way Alive! Men's Ultra
- Best Prostate Health: GNC Mega Men 50
- Best Softgel: NOW Supplements ADAM™
SFS Pick
Ritual
SFS Runner-Up
Nature Made
SFS Wholefood Pick
Garden of Life
1. Overall Best Multivitamin For Men Over 50: Ritual Essential For Men Over 50
Ritual Essential For Men Over 50 is a daily multivitamin specifically formulated for men in this age group or older. It contains ten essential vitamins and minerals to support overall health and well-being.
One of the best features of this multivitamin is its use of clean, traceable ingredients. Ritual's formula is vegan, gluten-free, sugar-free, soy-free, and formulated without sugar alcohols, stevia, or artificial colors and flavors. This is intended to make vitamins easier for more people's bodies to recognize and absorb the nutrients.
In terms of specific nutrients, the formula includes many vitamins and minerals essential for men over 50. This includes vitamins A, D, K2, B12, and E and other ingredients like folate, zinc, magnesium, and boron. The formula also contains nutrients like Omega-3 fatty acids.
Every serving of Ritual Essential for Men Over 50 (two capsules) contains innovative beadlets in oil technology that keeps fat-soluble and water-soluble forms separated. Every lot goes through a rigorous third-party testing review for unwanted heavy metals, major allergens, and microbes, plus checking for the purity and strength of the formula.
Overall, Ritual Essential for Men Over 50 is a high-quality multivitamin focused on great ingredients and aims to support men over 50.
Pros
- Non-GMO
- Innovative beadlet technology
- Delayed release capsules
- Vegan friendly
- Made traceable
Cons
- Some reviewers complained of fishy breath
Using 10 traceable ingredients, Ritual provides a quality and transparency not seen on most supplements. The beadlet in oil technology keeps fat soluble and water soluble ingredients separate until...
2. Runner-Up Best Multivitamin For Men Over 50: Nature Made Multi For Him 50+
Nature Made is one of the most prestigious vitamin brands out there, with over fifty years of expertise, and is a brand consistently recommended by pharmacists. Unlike other multivitamins on the market, Nature Made Multi For Him 50+ is just one tablet with 22 essential nutrients to put your mind at ease by closing nutrient gaps that may be missing from your diet.
This includes vitamins A, C, D, E, and B, as well as supporting muscle, bone, immune function, and energy metabolism.
This multivitamin has minerals such as calcium, iodine, folic acid, magnesium, and zinc. These great multivitamins from Nature Made are gluten-free, contain no added colors, and have no artificial flavors.
Nature Made recommends taking one of the tablets daily with water and a meal. To ensure the quality of this product, it has a third-party certification with United States Pharmacopeia, one of the most well-known and reputable certification organizations.
Every bottle contains a ninety-day supply, so you don't have to worry about ordering more each month.
Pros
- Great value
- Gluten-free
- 22 essential micronutrients
- Only have to take one per day
- USP verified
- Good reviews
Cons
- Not vegetarian or vegan-friendly
These Nature Made Men's Multivitamin 50+ Tablets are specifically formulated to deliver daily nutritional support and help support muscle & bone health, immune health, and energy metabolism...
3. Best Wholefood Multivitamin For Men Over 50: Garden Of Life Vitamin Code
Garden Of Life Vitamin Code takes the spot for the best wholefood multivitamin. It's third-party certified as gluten-free, non-GMO, and kosher.
It is also considered RAW, which means it was created with no high heat, synthetic binders, fillers, artificial flavors, sweeteners, colors, or additives typically used in other tablets.
Garden of Life Vitamin Code supports prostate, heart & eye health, energy, and healthy stress response. This comprehensive men's multivitamin was formulated to meet the needs of active men with 100% daily value of 18 minerals and vitamins, including vitamins A, C, D, K, B-Complex, and zinc—plus Lycopene, Boron, Vanadium & CoQ10.
Plus, it contains 23 powdered, organically grown raw fruits and vegetables, adding antioxidants, vitamins, and nutrient cofactors. The list of benefits continues as this supplement includes a natural probiotic and enzyme blend and a raw antioxidant and immune support blend.
Garden of Life recommends taking four capsules daily or opening the capsules and mixing the contents with water or juice. It is easy to see that the Garden of Life Vitamin Code multivitamin is incredibly comprehensive and an excellent option for those looking for a wholefood supplement.
Pros
- A highly synergistic blend of vitamins and minerals
- No GMOs or synthetic ingredients
- Traceable whole foods
- Carbon-free Certified
- USDA Organic
Cons
- Expensive
These comprehensive men's multivitamins are formulated to meet the unique needs of active men with 100% DV of 18 minerals and vitamins for men...
4. Best Gummy Multivitamin For Men over 50: SmartPants Men's Formula
SmartPants Men's science-based formula delivers high-quality vitamins and minerals in a delicious gummy form. Good health doesn't have to come in a tasteless capsule.
Instead, these gummies use all-natural flavors from sources like spices, fruits, and vegetables. No synthetic colors, artificial flavors, or sweeteners, so you can rest assured you're getting the purest ingredients.
SmartyPants gummies contain 17 essential nutrients, including vitamin D3, CoQ10, B12, E, K, and Omega 3 fish oils, to support immunity, energy, and bone health. It is worth noting that SmartyPants gummy multivitamins are not a great option for vegans since they contain gelatin.
SmartyPants are non-GMO, gluten-free, and free of milk, eggs, shellfish, soy, peanuts, wheat, fish allergens, and tree nut allergens. This product has also received the Clean Label Project's Purity Award, one of the highest overall ratings for product purity and value.
Each batch is third-party tested to prove quality and is NSF-certified. SmartyPants multivitamins are also made in a cGMP-compliant factory.
The serving size is six gummies; each serving has 45 calories and 9 grams of total carbohydrates. If you're on a strict calorie regimen, this is something to keep in mind when considering SmartyPants Men's multivitamins.
Pros
- Support prostate health
- Non-GMO
- 3rd party tested
- Delicious fruit flavor
- Free of the eight most common allergens
- Great reviews
Cons
- Multivitamins sometimes clump and stick together
SmartyPants Men’s Formula is made with premium ingredients carefully-selected for men to deliver omega-3 EPA & DHA essential fatty acids (from fish oil) and support for your heart, bone...
5. Best Budget Multivitamin For Men Over 50: 21st Century Sentry Senior
One of the most established supplement brands in the supplement market, 21st Century has spent over thirty years refining its products by improving its sourcing and manufacturing pipeline to provide reasonably priced products. At this price point, it is rare to find a multivitamin with the same number of ingredients as this one, plus they are properly dosed.
Most of the ingredients have adequate concentrations in each serving to provide tremendous benefits for men over the age of fifty. While most multivitamin brands contain three or more tablets per daily serving, 21st Century Sentry Senior has all your daily nutrients into one easy-to-take tablet.
21st Century recommended that your daily tablet be taken with a meal, not on an empty stomach.
Pros
- No added yeast or artificial flavors
- Non-GMO & gluten-free
- Well-established company
- Budget-friendly
Cons
- Contains artificial colors
Sentry Senior has been specifically designed keeping older men in mind. This multivitamin has been formulated to provide all the essential nutrients one would need at a fraction of the cost...
6. Best Absorbability Multivitamin For Men Over 50: New Chapter Men's
New Chapter was founded out of a passion for promoting health through innovative formulations made with 100% natural foods. They are regarded as industry pioneers in cultured wholefood complexed vitamins and minerals, making their wholefood complexed nutrients a superior alternative to synthetic isolates.
New Chapter's Advanced Multivitamin For Men was specifically formulated for quick and easy absorption. It is uniquely fermented to be gentle enough to take at any time, even on an empty stomach, and wholly absorbed so you can take full advantage of the nourishment.
This multivitamin was carefully crafted to contain zero subpar ingredients, artificial colors, synthetic fillers, animal gelatin, and no GMOs. It's a complete multivitamin made with certified organic vegetables and herbs, with over 23 vitamins and minerals designed to support a man's aging body and health.
To make this supplement even better, it is 100% vegetarian and certified kosher. The serving size is two tablets daily and can be taken anytime.
Pros
- Certified organic ingredients
- Vegetarian-friendly
- Easily digestible
- No sugar added
- Sustainable sourcing
Cons
- One of the more expensive options on the list
Our advanced multivitamin for men is packed with essential nutrients to enhance your holistic health. We’ve got you covered with the vitamins and minerals...
7. Best Organic Multivitamin For Men Over 50: Nature's Way Alive! Men's Ultra
Nature's Way has an outstanding record of producing organic supplements with premium ingredients for more than 50 years. From global sourcing to meticulous testing, Nature's Way sets the bar relatively high for quality and care for its customers.
Alive! from Nature's Way contains high-potency B vitamins, including the active form of B12 (methylcobalamin) and folate. Alive! also includes food-based blends, including Daily Greens, Orchard Fruits & Garden Veggies Powder Blend, Cardio, and Digestive Enzymes.
These unique ingredients help to support eye health, bone health, heart health, immune health, muscle function, and energy metabolism. Nature's Way has multiple certifications that confirm its commitment to accountability and high-quality products.
The serving size is one gluten-free, easy-to-swallow tablet. It contains no salt, sugar, wheat grain, dairy products, artificial flavoring, colors, or preservatives.
If you still doubt the potential of this organic, high-quality multivitamin, check out the reviews, as it has over 10,000 five-star reviews.
Pros
- Food-based blends
- No artificial colors
- Two month supply
- Easy-to-swallow tablet
Cons
- Not all of the ingredients are organic
Complete ultra potency daily multivitamin supplement for men. With high potency B-vitamins to help convert food into fuel, including the active form of B-12 and folate. Supports eye health...
8. Best Prostate Health Multivitamin For Men Over 50: GNC Mega Men 50
GNC uses state-of-the-art techniques backed by 85+ years of scientific expertise and innovation to formulate Mega Men 50 Plus for men aged 50 years and over to support overall health, cardiovascular function, and prostate health. GNC Mega Men 50 Plus Multivitamin contains over 30 clinically studied ingredients, including water-soluble vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
It features lycopene and saw palmetto to support prostate function and L-arginine, which helps to maintain blood vessel tone and plays a crucial role in sexual health. Other ingredients include Cellulose, Stearic Acid Vegetable Source, Titanium Dioxide (Natural Mineral Whitener), Natural Vanilla Mint Flavor, Talc, Caramel Color, and Stevia Leaf Extract.
The serving size is two soft caplets daily.
Pros
- Promotes prostate and circulatory health
- Reasonably priced
- A robust blend of ingredients
- Clinically studied
- Easy-to-swallow pills
Cons
- It contains soybeans and fish
Not all multivitamins are created equal. GNC Mega Men 50 Plus contains more antioxidant power than ever and over 30 clinically studied ingredients in every formula—all in smaller, easier-to-swallow pills...
9. Best Multivitamin Softgel For Men Over 50: NOW Supplements ADAM™
NOW has been a natural product industry leader since 1968 and wants to provide value and services that empower its customers to lead healthier lives. It is a family-owned and operated company that believes in charitable giving and sustainability.
NOW ADAM™ Superior Men's Multivitamin comes in soft gels that are easier to swallow and formulated for better GI tolerability. They are also smaller than most multivitamins, making it much more manageable to take the daily serving of two soft gels.
The unique formula comes with specialized ingredients that address the nutritional needs that your diet may lack. It features an assortment of vitamins and minerals, like saw palmetto, plant sterols, lycopene, and CoQ10.
NOW ADAM™ is kosher and is GMP Quality Assured. Every facet of the NOW manufacturing process has been examined, including the laboratory/testing methods for potency, formulation, and stability.
Pros
- GMP Quality Assured
- Soft gels are gentler and easier to swallow
- Kosher
- Affordable
Cons
- Contains gelatin
These multi-vitamin softgels are easier to swallow, and are formulated for better GI tolerability. Many multiples on the market today contain unnecessary levels of excipients and added ingredients...
What is a multivitamin for men over 50?
Multivitamins are supplements that carry a combination of various vitamins and minerals that are essential for the average person's health. They are often taken as tablets, capsules, or gummies and can also come in liquid or powder form.
The purpose of a multivitamin is to act as a failsafe behind your diet, filling in any vitamin and mineral gaps you may have. While some people may not need a multivitamin if they already have a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, others may benefit from one to ensure they get all the nutrients they need.
There is a slight variance in the Recommended Daily Amount of specific vitamins for men over 50 compared to younger men. However, it is still important for all individuals to pay attention to their nutrient intake and ensure they are getting enough of the essential vitamins and minerals.
Some multivitamins may also include other ingredients, such as amino acids, herbs, and fatty acids, which can provide additional health benefits. In general, you should take a multivitamin once or twice a day, depending on your specific product.
It's always best to consult with a healthcare provider before making any changes to your wellness regimen, as the number of nutrients you need may vary due to factors such as age, physical activity levels, and any underlying health conditions. Physical activity levels and chronic conditions can also affect the number of vitamins and minerals your body needs.
Benefits of Multivitamins for men over 50:
As men age, their nutritional needs may change, and maintaining a balanced diet can become more challenging. A multivitamin can help fill in any nutritional gaps and provide various benefits.
These can include supporting heart health, maintaining healthy brain function, aiding muscle function and recovery, and boosting energy levels. Let's break down the benefits of taking a multivitamin and what it can bring to your health.
1. Healthy Brain Function
A daily multivitamin can be a simple yet effective way to support overall health and well-being, including brain function. One essential nutrient for brain health is B vitamins, which are necessary for converting food into energy and supporting cognitive function.
Studies have shown B vitamins to improve brain function in older adults, including memory and thinking skills.¹ Additionally, antioxidants such as vitamins C and E can help protect brain cells from oxidative stress, which is believed to play a part in age-related cognitive decline.
A daily multivitamin can also provide other brain-supporting nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, essential for brain health and development. Omega-3s have been shown to improve cognitive function and memory in older adults and may also help lessen the risk of age-related cognitive decline.
2. Eye Health
Some vitamins are incredibly beneficial in supporting healthy eye function. Standard multivitamins contain vitamins A, C, and E and zinc and copper minerals to improve eye health.
Vitamin A is vital for maintaining healthy vision, as it helps form the pigments in the eye's retina. According to a study, it also helps keep the eye's cornea, the clear front part, moist and healthy.²
Vitamin C is an antioxidant that assists in protecting the eye from damage caused by free radicals. It may also help to reduce the risk of cataracts and other age-related eye problems.
Vitamin E is another antioxidant that can protect the eye from oxidative stress and may also help reduce the risk of cataracts. Zinc is a mineral that is needed for maintaining healthy vision, as it helps to keep the retina functioning properly.
It also plays a role in producing collagen, which helps keep the cornea healthy. Copper is another essential mineral for eye health, as it helps to form the pigment melanin, which helps protect the eye from UV radiation.
3. Immune System Health
The immune system is the body's way of defending against infections and other harmful substances. There are several vitamins to look out for that can help to support and improve immune system health.
Vitamin A is an antioxidant that can help to protect cells from oxidative stress and support the functioning of the immune system. Vitamin C is another antioxidant that is essential for immune system health.
It can help protect cells from oxidative stress and support collagen production. Vitamin D is essential for immune system health, as it helps to regulate the immune system and might help to reduce the risk of infections.
B vitamins, such as vitamin B6 and vitamin B12, are also crucial for immune system health. As studies have shown that it can help support the immune system's functions.³
4. May Improve Heart Health
Many nutrient deficiencies have been linked to poor heart health and can result in adverse effects. An assortment of vitamins and minerals play an essential role in heart health and can reduce the risk of heart disease.
People who experience deficiencies in these vitamins increase the risk of heart failure. Several minerals regulate blood pressure, including potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
Potassium and magnesium can help to relax the blood vessel walls, and calcium can aid in loosening and tightening the blood vessel walls, which is crucial for normal blood pressure. It is worth noting that while there are studies that show multivitamins can improve heart health, the results overall are inconsistent and conflicting.⁴
We recommend consulting your doctor before taking a multivitamin to improve heart health.
5. Prostate Health
The prostate is a small gland that secretes some of the essential elements in semen. However, as men age, their risk of developing prostate problems such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis increases.
There is some evidence to suggest taking a daily multivitamin may have a positive effect on prostate health. One of the key elements of prostate health is not having a vitamin D deficiency, which plays a role in maintaining healthy prostate cells.
Some studies have found that men with higher vitamin D levels may be less likely to develop prostate cancer.⁵ Multivitamins typically contain vitamin D, making them a convenient way to get this critical nutrient.
Other vitamins and minerals beneficial for prostate health include zinc and selenium. Zinc is vital for maintaining a healthy immune system and may help reduce prostate cancer risk.
6. Healthy Blood Pressure
Maintaining healthy blood pressure is an important factor in overall health and can help reduce the risk of severe health problems such as heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.
Some of the nutrients found in multivitamins, such as potassium and magnesium, have positively affected blood pressure. Potassium helps balance out sodium's adverse effects on blood pressure, while magnesium regulates blood pressure through its effect on blood vessel function.
Low potassium has been considered a contributor to having a higher risk of hypertension.⁶
7. Gut Health
The digestive system plays a crucial role in overall health and well-being, and a healthy gut can lead to improved digestion, increased immunity, and better overall health. Certain vitamins and minerals found in multivitamins, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, and zinc, can help support the growth and function of the beneficial bacteria in the gut.⁷
These bacteria, also known as probiotics, help to keep the gut microbiome balanced and can reduce the risk of digestive issues and improve digestion. In addition to supporting the beneficial bacteria in the gut, multivitamins can also help to reduce inflammation and promote healing in the digestive tract.
For example, vitamins C and E are potent antioxidants that can help reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.
Related: Best Probiotics For Men
Side Effects of Multivitamins
For most people, multivitamins are a safe and effective supplement to fill micronutrient gaps. However, specific vitamins commonly included in a multivitamin, for example, Vitamin K can adversely interact with medications like blood thinners.
Because of possible interactions, talking with your doctor before starting a multivitamin is essential, as they can help advise you on any dangers with your medication.
Some forms of calcium can cause gas and bloat; iron supplements can also result in constipation. If you start to experience worsening preexisting conditions, stop taking multivitamins.
What to look for when buying Multivitamins for men over 50:
Multivitamin supplements should be manufactured with the highest quality ingredients, be third-party tested, have clinical doses, have great reviews, and contain zero fillers. We have reviewed the best options on the market, keeping these factors in mind.
1. Ingredients
The most important factor when researching multivitamins is ensuring that the ingredients are high-quality and void of fillers. We recommend also being mindful of possible allergens if you suffer from severe allergies.
Men tend to be more susceptible to nutrient inadequacies, so ensure your multivitamin supplement has enough calcium, vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin C.
2. Dosages
When researching multivitamins, you want to ensure that the ingredients are appropriately dosed so that you can benefit from them, but you also want to avoid overdosing. Overdosed ingredients can lead to unwanted side effects.
We recommend looking for at most 100 percent of the recommended daily value of vitamins and minerals. For example, just 200 percent of the daily value of Vitamin A acetate or palmitate can increase the risk of liver damage.
3. Testing/Transparency
The testing and safety of a company's supplements should be a top factor when choosing a multivitamin supplement. Keeping this in mind, we have developed the list above with brands that have shown themselves to develop high-quality products with good ingredients and manufacturing processes.
When researching multivitamins formulated for men over 50, you want to stay away from options that hide their ingredients behind a shady proprietary blend or underdose them. A great way of knowing if a supplement is top-notch and has pure ingredients is if it is third-party tested.
Third-party certifications guarantee it's adequately dosed, prevents impurities, and is precisely what the label describes.
4. Price
Multivitamin costs can vary significantly due to factors such as quality and manufacturing issues. We recommend looking at the cost per serving when choosing the best option.
By breaking it down to the cost per serving, you ensure that you choose a financially sustainable multivitamin. For most people, find the option that provides the most benefits for you at a reasonable price.
This will increase the likelihood of consistently taking multivitamins and seeing the full health benefits. Typically multivitamin supplements with high-quality materials, clinically dosed, third-party tested, come from a reputable brand, and have great reviews fall in the $20-$60 range.
The most significant factor determining multivitamin price is how many servings are in each container.
5. Reviews
When buying any brand of multivitamins, one of the best ways of verifying a supplement's legitimacy is by checking out customer reviews. The easiest way to check reviews is by checking out the official brand's website and clicking on the review section.
It is the best place to go because previous customers share their honest reviews when taking the multivitamin.
Multivitamin for men over 50 FAQs
What is the best multivitamin for men over 50?
When men hit age 50, they often require higher amounts of certain vitamins and minerals. In fact, men over the age of 50 should intake more vitamins C, D, E, B12, K, folate, iron, magnesium, niacin, and calcium.
Ritual Essential For Men Over 50 is the best option for most men over fifty as it offers high-quality ingredients and clinical doses to support a healthy body and increase the intake of vitamins.
What vitamins should a 50-year-old man take?
Dietary supplements can be incredibly beneficial at any age, but men over 50 may need more vitamins and minerals than younger adults to maintain their health. You should be conscious of whether or not you are consuming your recommended daily nutritional needs. If unsure, a healthcare professional or a registered dietitian can help ensure you are taking in exactly what you need to be.
Some essential vitamins a 50-year-old man should take are Calcium, Vitamin D, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and magnesium.
Are men's multivitamins worth it?
While some doubt multivitamins' usefulness and effectiveness, most believe they are beneficial. According to studies, taking properly dosed multivitamins has been associated with various health benefits, including improved memory and cognitive function in older people, slowed effects of age-related visual diseases, and reduced risks of heart-related problems like heart attacks.
Should I take multivitamins in the morning or the night?
We recommend that most people take a multivitamin in the morning with their first meal. This will help the body absorb vitamins and make it easier to stay consistent.
Some individuals may find it easier to let their doctor dictate their multivitamin routine, as some supplements may be more beneficial at different times of the day and may affect some medications.
What happens if I take multivitamins every day?
If you eat plenty of fruits and veggies every day, you may not see any significant changes when you start taking a multivitamin every day. However, if you're lacking crucial nutrients in your diet, having a multivitamin a day can assist you in making up for it.
When your body starts getting proper micronutrients consistently, you will experience improvements in blood pressure and prostate, heart, immunity, eyes, and brain health.
Summary
Meeting your vitamin requirements as a man over 50 is critical to your overall health and longevity. Your micronutrient levels can help support your physical health, improve a healthy emotional state, and are linked to general joint and skin health.
Therefore, providing your body with the essential nutrients for optimal health is crucial. A high-quality multivitamin is one of the best ways to prevent nutrient shortages. We recommend Ritual Essential For Men Over 50, which has well-dosed, traceable ingredients and a transparent label.
Always check with a health professional before starting any new supplement.
Using 10 traceable ingredients, Ritual provides a quality and transparency not seen on most supplements. The beadlet in oil technology keeps fat soluble and water soluble ingredients separate until...
If you're looking for vegan friendly multivitamins then head over to our post that covers the Best Vegan Multivitamins on the market.
References
- Kennedy, David. "B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—a Review." Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 2, 27 Jan. 2016, p. 68
- Thirunavukarasu, Arun J., et al. "Vitamin A, Systemic T-Cells, and the Eye: Focus on Degenerative Retinal Disease." Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 9, 18 July 2022
- Shakoor, Hira, et al. “Be Well: A Potential Role for Vitamin B in COVID-19.” Maturitas, Aug. 2020, 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.007
- Shah, Anureet K., and Naranjan S. Dhalla. "Effectiveness of Some Vitamins in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review." Frontiers in Physiology, vol. 12, 8 Oct. 2021, 10.3389/fphys.2021.729255.
- CHEN, T, and M HOLICK. "Vitamin D and Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment." Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 14, no. 9, Nov. 2003, pp. 423–430, 10.1016/j.tem.2003.09.004.
- Houston, Mark C., and Karen J. Harper. "Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium: Their Role in Both the Cause and Treatment of Hypertension." The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, vol. 10, no. 7, July 2008, pp. 3–11, 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2008.08575.x.
- Pham, Van T., et al. “Vitamins, the Gut Microbiome and Gastrointestinal Health in Humans.” Nutrition Research, vol. 95, Oct. 2021, 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.09.001.
Andrew Lenau
Author